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Recommended Reading:

 Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

  Machinery's Handbook

  Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers

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Cutting fluids are used during most metal cutting operations. The principal reason for using cutting fluids are as follows:

1. Cooling the tool and workpiece and reducing the effect of a lack of hot hardness.
2. Lubricating the chips’ travel along the rake face of the tool.
3. Flushing away chips from the working area.
4. Retarding the formation of a built up edge on the tool.
5. Preventing corrosion of the workpiece.
6. Improving surface finish – due largely to reduced built up edge and friction between flank and workpiece.

Fig 2.4.1.

Most cutting fluids fall under the Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) regulations and should, where reasonably practical, be:

1. Safe to handle.
2. Non-corrosive.
3. Non-foaming.
4. Anti-bacterial.

Cutting fluids fall into five main categories.

2.4 a) SOLUBLE OIL

Otherwise known as Emulsion or ‘Suds’, soluble oils are oils held in an emulsion with water by the use of powerful detergents (which can cause severe drying and cracking of skin). These cutting fluids are generally milky white in appearance.

Soluble oils’ main property are to act as a coolant and are used mainly as a general purpose cutting fluid when machining Low-Carbon Steels.

2.4. b) MINERAL OILS

Mineral oils such as Paraffin and other low viscosity oils are mainly used to act as a lubricant when taking light cuts in materials such as Aluminium.

2.4. c) FATTY OILS

Thick, viscous oils are used mainly as a lubricant during low speed cutting operations such as tapping and thread cutting.

2.4.d)EXTREME PRESSURE (E.P.) OILS

A mixture of oil and sulphur, E.P. oils are used as a lubricant where extreme pressures exist a the tool - chip interface, such as when taking heavy cuts in difficult to machine materials such as Titanium and Stainless Steel.

Suggested Reading:

  Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Kalpakjian, Schmid and Schmidt.

  Machinery's Handbook

  Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers

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