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****************** Recommended Reading: Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers ******************
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There are two basic configurations of milling machine; horizontal and vertical. On a horizontal mill the spindle axis is horizontal and on a vertical mill the spindle axis is vertical.
3.2.a) PLAIN HORIZONTAL MILL Fig 3.2.1.
Click the image for full size picture Fig 3.2.1. illustrates a plain horizontal mill, a traversing slide moves (i) under the cutter providing the feed. Height adjustment (ii) sets the depth of cut. Movement (iii) is positional adjustment only and is set and usually locked before cutting commences. The over arm support helps to prevent deflection of the cutter arbour when taking large cuts. On a horizontal bed mill the over arm support is itself supported at the end opposite the main column by a support column. This provides excellent rigidity when taking very large or heavy cuts. 3.2.b) VERTICAL MILL. Fig 3.2.2.
Click the image for full size picture Fig 3.2.2. illustrates a vertical mill. Movements (i) and (iii) may both be used to provide cutting feed. Movement (ii) sets depth of cut. 3.2.c) OTHER MILLING MACHINES A universal mill allows adjustment in one or more further directions, the head may swivel (vertical only), the table may tilt or swivel in up to three orientations. By using interchangeable heads it is even possible, on some models, to convert from vertical to horizontal milling. It should be noted that the more adjustment that is possible on a machine the less rigid that machine is, this is ideal in a tool room where versatility is more important than high metal removal rates. A Plano face mill has one vertical and two horizontal cutter heads and can machine 3 sides of a part at the same time – useful for producing large components such as machine beds and tables.
3.2.d) C.N.C. MILLING MACHINES C.N.C. milling machines are capable of producing a wide variety of profiles using simple tools. They can be horizontal or vertical and usually have the capability of drilling and tapping and are known as vertical or horizontal machining centres. A vertical machining centre closely resembles a vertical mill. On many machining centres all three axes can be controlled simultaneously to produce complex, three-dimensional profiles. Fig 3.2.3.
Click the image for full size picture Fig 3.2.3. shows a simple representation of a horizontal machining centre. It can be seen that as well as having the capability of producing three dimensional profiles, drilling and end milling operations can be carried out in both sides of components as the work holding fixture, or tombstone as it is sometimes known, is indexed. |
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